As the deployment of 5G-Advanced accelerates and the industry begins to shape the vision for 6G, one theme is becoming increasingly clear. Artificial intelligence is no longer just an optimisation tool for telecom networks; it is becoming a core architectural component. This deep convergence of AI and wireless communications is leading to new approaches to network design and operation. One prominent example of this direction is what ZTE refers to as AIR RAN, or AI-Reshaped RAN.
The concept reflects a broader industry shift. Traditionally, radio access networks have been designed primarily to deliver connectivity. In the emerging AI era, however, networks are evolving into platforms that combine communication, computing, and intelligence. AIR RAN represents a framework to integrate AI workloads directly within the RAN infrastructure, allowing networks to analyse data, make decisions, and adapt in near real-time.
A key idea behind this architecture is the move towards AI-native networks supported by digital twin capabilities. In this model, the physical network is mirrored by a synchronised digital representation that can simulate behaviour, evaluate potential changes, and optimise operations before applying them to the live network. This approach helps networks move away from rigid, function-driven systems towards environments that can learn, adapt, and operate with higher levels of autonomy.
One of the central components described in this approach is an AI computing engine embedded within the baseband platform. Rather than relying solely on traffic load indicators, the network becomes aware of the specific requirements of the applications being used. By identifying service characteristics, the network can allocate resources in a more targeted manner. This improves spectral efficiency while maintaining user experience, even in high-load situations where services such as gaming or live streaming require differentiated treatment.
Artificial intelligence is also expected to redefine the operational side of the radio network. AI-based analysis of radio conditions and traffic behaviour can significantly improve coverage, throughput, and energy efficiency. Research into AI-assisted wireless communications suggests that techniques such as intelligent channel feedback and learning-based signal processing can significantly enhance radio performance, with some studies showing throughput gains of nearly double in specific scenarios.
Another development is the emergence of agent-based AI within network operations. Instead of relying entirely on human-driven troubleshooting, specialised AI agents can analyse data, identify issues, and execute workflows. This moves network operations from a reactive process towards a predictive model. Combined with intent-driven networking, where the system responds to high-level business objectives rather than manual commands, these capabilities support the long-term industry goal of highly autonomous networks.
Beyond technical improvements, concepts such as AIR RAN highlight the potential for new business models. The telecom industry has often been described as providing "dumb pipes" while the digital value is created elsewhere. By exposing network capabilities through APIs and programmable interfaces, operators can offer features such as precise latency control or bandwidth assurance as bespoke services. This allows network capabilities to be packaged and consumed in ways that support diverse industry verticals.
In this sense, the role of the RAN evolves from simply carrying traffic to enabling new digital services. Application developers and enterprises can interact with the network in dynamic ways, creating opportunities for revenue models based on the value of the connection rather than just the volume of data.
Looking ahead, the convergence of AI and wireless communications will deepen as 6G research progresses. Many proposed 6G visions already emphasise AI-native architectures and distributed intelligence. Whether described as AIR RAN or by other names, the direction is clear. Future radio networks will not only connect devices but will increasingly sense, learn, and adapt, forming the foundation of an intelligent and programmable communication infrastructure.
Read the February 2026 issue of ZTE Technologies magazine here.
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